Predictors of Outcomes of Reintervention After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

BACKGROUND In a context of extending transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to patients with a longer life expectancy, it is important to better document the incidence and outcomes of reintervention. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to evaluate the incidence, predictive factors, and long-term outcomes of surgical (explant TAVR) or transcatheter (redo TAVR) reintervention after TAVR. METHODS Patients who had a TAVR between 2010 and 2022 recorded in the FRANCE 2 and FRANCE TAVI registries were included in the analysis. Cumulative incidence of early (≤1 year) and late (>1 year) reintervention was assessed using the Kalbfleisch and Prentice method to account for all-cause death as a competing risk. Patients who had reintervention for infective endocarditis were excluded. Long-term mortality was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Among 72,850 patients included, the cumulative incidence of overall reintervention at 8 years was 1.7% including 591 patients who had redo TAVR and 111 patients who required explant TAVR with a low incidence of Bentall intervention. Reintervention occurred mostly early in 62.1% of cases and was more frequent in patients who had a mean aortic gradient >20 mm Hg immediately after index TAVR. Age and mean aortic gradient before TAVR and mean aortic gradient >20 mm Hg, aortic regurgitation ≥ grade 2, and percutaneous coronary intervention after TAVR were predictive of reintervention. Six-year mortality was high but was similar in patients who had early and late reintervention (76.2% vs 64.0%; P = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Reintervention after TAVR remains rare and was mostly performed early after the procedure and by redo TAVR. Further studies are warranted, particularly in younger patients with longer life expectancy.