Enhancing wood utilisation in Malaysia through forest plantations: A systematic review of opportunities, challenges and strategic pathways

Forest plantations are strategically vital for Malaysia's sustainable wood supply amid declining natural forests. While studies cover productivity, biodiversity, and livelihoods, no comprehensive synthesis integrates economic, environmental, and social dimensions for wood utilisation. This systematic literature review synthesises evidence on Malaysian forest plantation development, identifying opportunities and barriers to wood use while preserving environmental integrity and social welfare. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Google Scholar, and regional repositories (1990–2024) using controlled keywords on Malaysian plantations, sustainable forestry, and wood use. Adapted GRADE criteria assessed quality; thematic analysis spanned technical, economic, environmental, social, and governance dimensions. Forty-eight studies met inclusion. Findings highlight plantations’ potential for wood demand fulfillment and carbon sequestration, but challenges persist: technical productivity limits; low smallholder participation despite policies; monoculture biodiversity risks; governance fragmentation; and poor economic viability for small producers. Key solutions include diversified systems, increased research, and better institutional coordination. Results support SDG 12 (sustainable timber supply), SDG 13 (carbon sequestration), SDG 15 (biodiversity), and SDG 8 (rural jobs and livelihoods).