Social Media Addiction and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis on Their Association

Purpose: Existing research shows inconsistent findings regarding the strength of the association between social media addiction (SMA) and self-esteem. The purpose of the current study was to assess the overall strength of this relationship and explore sources of heterogeneity. Method: We systematically searched six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library), covering publications from each database's inception through February 28, 2025. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Results: A total of 17 studies were included. Findings indicate that SMA is negatively correlated with self-esteem ( r = −.28, 95% confidence interval [−0.33, −0.24]). Subgroup analysis revealed that sample origin significantly influenced this association, with sample size potentially moderating the effect sizes. However, year, region, sex, age, and SMA measurement tools had minimal effect on study heterogeneity. Conclusion: It is recommended to consider incorporating SMA into routine mental health assessments led by psychiatric–mental health nurses, using standardized screening tools. For individuals with SMA who experience low self-esteem, targeted early intervention, structured psychoeducation, care coordination, and quality improvement measures may be considered to improve their mental health as it relates to SMA and self-esteem.