Multi‐Functional Hemostatic Materials for Neural Injury

Hemostatic materials play a critical role in wound management. As blood vessels and nerves are anatomically closely positioned, successful hemostasis in the nervous system injury is vital for restoring neurological function after injury. Improper or delayed hemostasis can easily cause secondary injury, resulting in disability or even death. Current research priorities on developing hemostatic materials have shifted from identifying components that enhance hemostasis to active modulation of the coagulation microenvironment, emphasizing multifunctional integration and material intelligence to facilitate desirable tissue regeneration and functional restoration. However, challenges persist due to the complexity of the hemostatic microenvironment and the diversity of evaluation systems. Here we present a comprehensive review of advances in multi‐functional hemostatic materials, focusing on hemostatic mechanisms, material classifications, design principles, and evaluation strategies. This review begins with an introduction to the physical mechanisms and biochemical mechanisms of hemostasis. Then, it focuses on the main classifications and recent progress in current hemostatic materials. Next, we systematically analyzed the evaluation methods for assessing hemostatic efficacy through both in vitro and in vivo assessments. In the end, this review concludes with the current challenges and future perspectives of multi‐functional hemostatic materials.