Research on the Four-Party Game of Intelligence–Greenness–Efficiency–Resilience in New-Energy Ship Power Systems

Driven by the updated International Maritime Organization greenhouse gas strategy and China’s dual carbon goals, power systems for ships adopting low- and zero-carbon alternative energies, referred to in this work as new-energy ship power systems, need balanced improvement of intelligence, greenness, efficiency, and resilience. These performance objectives involve inherent resource competition and technical trade-offs that limit conventional single-objective optimization effects. This study establishes a four-player evolutionary game model by treating these four technical objectives as bounded rational virtual participants with binary strategic choices. Considering technological coupling, risk disturbance, policy subsidies and penalty mechanisms, replicator dynamic equations are derived and evolutionary stable equilibria are solved through Jacobian stability analysis. Model parameters are calibrated from industry specifications, the published literature and real ship operational records. Numerical simulations reveal that complete multi-objective synergy cannot be achieved by policy incentives or technological optimization alone, and both aspects need to meet corresponding threshold conditions. A broad rapid-convergence subsidy range and a nested practically preferred subsidy window are identified according to convergence performance and dynamic stability risks. Navigation operating conditions substantially reshape equilibrium characteristics across different ship operating scenarios. A plausibility check is conducted using operational data from a purely electric intelligent container ship. Note that ground-truth collaboration degree values are composite multi-criteria estimated indices rather than independently measured operational data, and the comparison only offers preliminary plausibility support for this single vessel. This study clarifies evolutionary mechanisms and restrictive boundary conditions for multi-objective coordination, providing theoretical references for vessel design, energy scheduling and differentiated policy formulation.