Optimizing irreversibilities of an unsteady MHD hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined moving plate in the presence of heat generation/ absorption

This study attempts to analyze the entropy generation in the flow of Ag-TiO2-H2O hybrid nanofluid, governed by the combined effects of the Lorentz force, buoyancy force, nanoparticle transport, and internal heat generation/absorption over an inclined plate. The governing partial differential equations are solved numerically using an implicit Crank–Nicolson finite difference method. For validation of the present numerical scheme, time and grid independence studies have been carried out. Moreover, comparisons show excellent agreement with existing research. At steady state, a significant enhancement in the thermal boundary layer is observed with an increase in the heat generation parameter (Δ>0). A 35% increase in the Nusselt number is perceived as the angle of inclination (ω) increases from 0∘ to 90∘ at steady-state level, while initially the rate is 0.08%. Enhancing TiO2-nanoparticles volume fraction by 6%, the shear stress gets prominently increased by 27.5% initially, while at steady state the assimilation rate is 9.3%. The thermal irreversibility of the system becomes predominant over the total entropy generation with nanoparticle concentrations, ω and Δ; while reverse trend is observed for magnetic field parameter M.These findings are useful for designing efficient thermal management systems including heat exchangers, electronic cooling, polymer sheet production, and food-processing applications.