Low-Level Laser Therapy in Dentistry: Biological Effects, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also referred to as photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), is being integrated into dental treatment progressively.It has biological effects through light exposure, modulating cellular activity, helping to reduce pain, control inflammation, and heal tissue.LLLT has been demonstrated to have potential uses in periodontal therapy, endodontics, oral surgery, implantology, orthodontics, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and pediatric dentistry.However, considerable variations in laser parameters and treatment protocols limit the comparability of findings across studies and make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions.This review highlights the biological mechanisms, clinical application, current evidence, safety, limitations, and future perspectives of LLLT for dental purposes.