Use of audiovisual materials and academic achievement among secondary-level students in Nepal: a two-way ANOVA analysis

Audiovisual (AV) materials are used to enhance student engagement and learning. This study examines the association between AV materials use and academic achievement among secondary-level students. A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 903 Grade 10 students to assess AV use and achievement (maximum 4.00 GPA). Cross-tabulation and two-way ANOVA examined the main and interaction effects of AV use in selected background characteristics. Students reporting AV use had a higher mean GPA than non-users (2.71 vs. 2.54). The main effects were significant for area of residence (p = 0.002), ecological region (p = 0.039), wealth status (p = 0.004), father’s occupation (p = 0.036). Significant background factors’ main effects were observed for area of residence, ecological region, cast/ethnic group, father’s education, and mother’s education (all p < 0.001). No interaction effects were significant (all p > 0.05). Equitable access and appropriate pedagogical integration are important, while longitudinal or experimental research is needed to establish causal contribution of AV-supported learning to academic achievement.