Repair strategies for lithium disilicate ceramics: A scoping review

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Repair techniques for lithium disilicate ceramics vary widely, and their effects on immediate and aged bond strength have not been fully established. PURPOSE: The purpose of this scoping review was to map evidence on surface treatment protocols and repair materials used for lithium disilicate ceramics and their influence on repair bond strength. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and was registered in Open Science Framework. Searches were performed in major electronic databases and nonpeer-reviewed literature up to January 2025. In vitro studies evaluating surface treatments and repair materials for lithium disilicate ceramics were included. RESULTS: Twenty-seven in vitro studies were included. Mechanical pretreatments mainly involved hydrofluoric acid etching, aluminum oxide airborne-particle abrasion, phosphoric acid etching, and laser irradiation. Chemical conditioning commonly included silane application with adhesive systems, followed by composite resin repair. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlighted that combined mechanical and chemical pretreatment strategies are essential to optimize repair bond strength, although aging consistently reduces adhesion durability.