A practice-based approach for conservation of lesser-known species: a lesson learned from the last decade in Nepal

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The conservation of lesser-known and data-deficient species poses significant challenges globally, particularly in developing countries such as Nepal, which harbor rich biodiversity but face resource constraints that affect scientific capacity. Furthermore, young researchers from countries such as Nepal often encounter numerous hurdles when deciding whether to pursue wildlife research or shift to other career paths. In this paper, we present a methodological approach to studying data-deficient and lesser-known species, a step-by-step roadmap that guides aspiring conservationists from step zero (the very beginning) to successfully securing sufficient funds and implementing long-lasting, impactful projects. The framework is based on a practice-oriented, experiential, and applied conservation research framework in wildlife conservation in Nepal. This framework encompasses critical steps such as species assessment, literature review, training, research planning, resource acquisition, outreach, community engagement, and conservation action planning. Case studies on the fishing cat, Eurasian otter, and owl species illustrate the practical application of these steps, highlighting successful strategies and lessons learned. The paper emphasizes the importance of collaboration, capacity building, and innovative approaches such as social media engagement and incentive-based conservation. Drawing on real-world experiences, it offers valuable insights and guidance for aspiring conservationists, providing a roadmap for navigating the complexities of wildlife conservation in resource-limited yet biodiversity-rich regions.