Patterns of Allergen Sensitization among Children with Allergic Diseases: Findings from Skin Prick Testing at a Tertiary Care Center in India

A BSTRACT Background and Objectives: Allergic diseases are increasingly prevalent in children and contribute significantly to morbidity. Skin prick testing (SPT) is a widely used diagnostic tool for identifying IgE-mediated allergen sensitization. This study aimed to describe allergen sensitization patterns on SPT among children evaluated for allergic diseases at a tertiary care center in India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included children aged 2–13 years who underwent SPT for suspected allergic disorders in September–November 2025. Standardized allergen extracts relevant to local exposure were used along with positive and negative controls. Demographic details, clinical characteristics, and sensitization patterns were recorded. Allergen sensitization was defined as a positive wheal response at least 3 mm greater than the negative control. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Seventy children were included, with a mean age of 11.0 ± 2.8 years; 63% were male. A positive family history of atopy was present in 57%. House dust mites were the most common sensitizers, with Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus identified in 57% and 50% of children, respectively. Insect allergens, including mosquito (30%) and cockroach (20%), were also frequent. Food allergen sensitization was less common. Most children were polysensitized. Allergic rhinitis (37%) and bronchial asthma (27%) were the most common associated atopic conditions. Interpretation and Conclusions: House dust mites were the predominant allergens among children who underwent SPT, with a high prevalence of polysensitization and associated allergic rhinitis and asthma. These findings highlight the importance of region-specific allergen evaluation and support the role of SPT in guiding diagnosis and management of pediatric allergic diseases.