Field-ray-driven extrapolative surface construction

The rapid development of imaging and fabrication technologies has led to an increasing demand for complex optical surfaces. However, conventional design methods are primarily suited for small-field, large-aperture systems. Geometry-based approaches often suffer from strong parameter coupling, making it difficult to obtain accurate solutions. To address these limitations, we propose a field-ray-driven extrapolative surface construction method, which targets wide field-of-view optical systems. System requirements are embedded into local surface regions through weighted optimization. Guided by field rays, the surface is generated progressively through outward extrapolation. This process improves both stability and adaptability in surface construction. Based on the characteristics of the constructed surface, a hybrid optimization framework that combines Grey Wolf Optimization and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is further developed. A multi-objective fitness function is introduced to jointly constrain system performance. A panoramic annular optical system is designed as a demonstration. The results show that the MTF reaches 0.36 at 208 lp/mm, while maintaining good manufacturability. The proposed method shows strong potential for wide-field, high-resolution optical system design.