Factors to consider in evaluating the safety performance of construction companies: the case of Ghana

The construction industry is vital to Ghana's economic development but remains highly vulnerable to workplace safety risks. Despite regulatory provisions, including the Labour Act 2003 (Act 651), safety compliance and enforcement remain challenging. This study evaluates factors influencing construction companies' safety performance in Ghana. A quantitative research design was employed, using the relative importance index (RII) to evaluate 85 safety-related variables based on responses from 306 construction professionals. The findings show that organizational commitment, particularly formal safety management systems, leadership involvement and internal safety audits, constitutes a critical determinant of safety performance. Worker-related factors, including safety awareness, communication and competence, were also highly important. Technical execution, safety training and regulatory enforcement were identified as essential, whereas welfare incentives and economic rewards were comparatively less important. The study develops a context-specific framework for evaluating construction safety performance in Ghana, providing practical guidance for regulators, policymakers and industry stakeholders.