Taxus wallichiana zucc. (Himalayan yew): phytochemistry, therapeutic potential, biotechnology, and conservation perspectives

faces serious threats from overexploitation, poor regeneration, habitat degradation, and grazing pressure. Conservation approaches include ex situ propagation, genetic diversity assessment, habitat restoration, and sustainable utilisation of renewable foliage and endophyte-derived metabolites. By integrating ethnomedicinal knowledge, phytochemical diversity, pharmacological applications, biotechnological innovations, and conservation priorities, this review provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the species' scientific and ecological importance. Future research should strengthen sustainable production systems, clarify therapeutic potential of its bioactive compounds, and integrate traditional ecological knowledge with modern biotechnology and conservation biology to support the long-term survival and sustainable utilisation of this valuable Himalayan medicinal conifer.