Platelet-Based Blood Products in Bovine and Equine Medicine: A Systematic Scoping Review of Blood Collection, Preparation Methods, and Reporting Completeness

Platelet-based blood products, including platelet-rich plasma, platelet concentrate, and platelet lysate, are increasingly investigated in veterinary medicine as biological preparations with proposed regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. In bovine and equine medicine, their use has expanded across several clinical fields, but blood collection and product preparation methods have not been systematically synthesized. This systematic scoping review aimed to describe the literature on platelet-based blood products in bovine and equine medicine, summarize methodological characteristics of blood collection and preparation methods, and analyze studies addressing bovine mammary disorders. Searches were performed in Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, CAB Abstracts, and PubMed on 25 August 2026, with no publication-year or start-date restriction. Eligible studies were original peer-reviewed articles in English; fibrin- or gel-based preparations were excluded when the corresponding liquid platelet-based product could not be separately characterized or evaluated, as were scaffold or combined constructs when the platelet-based component could not be evaluated separately. No formal review protocol was registered or published. Studies providing eligible bovine and/or equine data and reporting at least one methodological aspect related to collection, preparation, activation or lysis, storage, characterization, or administration were eligible. A total of 191 studies were included. Studies contributing equine data only among the target species predominated (161/191; 84.3%), whereas 29 studies (15.2%) contributed bovine data only and one study (0.5%) included both bovine and equine data. The PRP family, including PRP and related PRP-type preparations, was the most frequently investigated product group (134/191; 70.2%), followed by platelet lysate (46/191; 24.1%) and platelet concentrate (19/191; 9.9%); categories were not mutually exclusive. Methods varied in donor source, collection site, blood volume, anticoagulant, collection system, centrifugation workflow, activation or lysis, storage, and characterization. The main blood collection and preparation workflow was reconstructable in 111 studies (58.1%) and partially reconstructable in 80 studies (41.9%). Methodological reporting was frequently incomplete, particularly for leukocyte concentration, activation or lysis procedures, storage conditions, and product-level sterility or microbiological quality control. Product-level sterility or microbiological quality control was explicitly reported in 7 studies (3.7%) and partially reported in one study (0.5%). Only five studies addressed bovine mammary disorders and investigated methodologically distinct products. More complete and consistent methodological reporting is needed to improve reproducibility and comparability across studies.