Polycrisis and global production networks: a framework for understanding industry dynamics in times of accumulated uncertainty

Global production networks (GPNs) are currently impacted by multiple crises. Yet, crises have received little attention in GPN scholarship. This article shows how the entangled drivers of polycrisis affect the economic geographies of suppliers and their integration into GPNs. It develops an analytical framework for exploration of accumulated uncertainties in conjunctural moments of polycrisis. The management of unknown ‘uncertainties’ other than ‘risk’ for lead firms is a key element. Focusing on Bangladesh’s apparel industry, this article explores the industry’s responses and struggles, and provides insights into the wider processes of inclusion and exclusion in the global economy during polycrisis.