Carry-over influence of maternal L-carnitine during gestation and lactation on metabolic response of New Zealand neonatal rabbits

This study evaluated the effects of maternal L-carnitine supplementation on the growth performance, metabolic profile, and physiological responses of neonatal rabbits. A total of 160 5-month-old nulliparous pregnant New Zealand White does (2.84 ± 0.05 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatments: control (no supplementation) and L-carnitine-supplemented groups at 100, 200, and 300 mg L −1 in drinking water. Supplementation was provided throughout gestation and lactation to assess maternal carry-over effects on offspring. Neonatal growth performance was monitored through litter size, body weight, and average daily gain (ADG). Blood samples from neonates were collected during weeks 1, 2, and 3 for biochemical, hormonal, and oxidative stress analyses. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA under a completely randomised design. Results showed that maternal L-carnitine supplementation improved litter performance and neonatal growth, with the highest body weight and ADG observed in the 300 mg L −1 group. Serum glucose levels were significantly elevated in the highest supplementation group across all weeks. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not significantly affected. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were reduced in the LC-300 group during later weeks, suggesting improved hepatic status. Cortisol levels remained unchanged among treatments. However, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were significantly enhanced, particularly at higher supplementation levels, indicating improved metabolic activity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were not significantly influenced, suggesting no adverse effect on oxidative status. In conclusion, maternal L-carnitine supplementation, particularly at 300 mg L −1 , enhances the growth performance and metabolic efficiency of neonatal rabbits without negatively affecting physiological health.