Circular construction strategies of freeform structures based on smooth poly-hypar surfaces: design and fabrication of furniture-scale prototypes

This paper introduces a method for freeform spatial structures based on planar node constraints for reusable components. The method generates diverse structural forms that satisfy planar node constraints based on the principles of smooth poly-hypar surfaces. Through systematic grouping of structural components according to disassembly and reassembly sequence, the method employs genetic algorithms to optimise component lengths within each group, enabling component reusability across different structural configurations. The planar node design enhances construction efficiency and reusability while reducing costs and improving structural aesthetics compared to conventional three-dimensional nodes. As a geometric and constructive proof-of-concept, the study validates the method’s feasibility through furniture-scale prototypes, offering new perspectives for sustainable architectural design through systematic component reuse.