System and Contact Theories as a Framework for Transdisciplinary Research

The relationship between social sciences and Christian theology has long been the subject of academic debate. Typically, one discipline employs the outputs of the other, emphasizing multidisciplinarity or interdisciplinarity. However, the professional discourse on research methodology offers limited guidance on crossing the boundaries between these fields to achieve transdisciplinarity. This paper aims to propose methodological recommendations for conducting transdisciplinary research. Through theoretical synthesis, the observer-to-beholder positions from trans-classical systems theory were integrated with the dimensions of temporal interaction analysis. This integration resulted in the development of a framework and specific recommendations to guide transdisciplinary research methodologies.