Institutional Integration of Social Media Content Oversight: Reconstructing the Authority of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission

Social media has displaced broadcasting as the public's main source of information, yet it remains beyond the reach of broadcasting regulation. The authority of the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) is still confined to spectrum-based broadcasting, while powers over the digital space are dispersed between the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs and the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) without any coordinating mechanism. This study assesses whether confining KPI's authority remains relevant in an era dominated by social media and formulates an integrated institutional model for overseeing social media content. Using normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches covering the European Union, the United Kingdom, and Germany, the study applies qualitative thematic analysis. The findings show that KPI's authority has reached functional stagnation and that Constitutional Court Decision Number 39/PUU-XVIII/2020 precludes its expansion through interpretation. This fragmentation of authority produces three problems: the absence of a mandate to set ethical content standards, a drift towards repressive executive action, and a disconnect between content oversight and market oversight. The study proposes a three-pillar institutional model in which KPI sets ethical content standards, the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs carries out technical enforcement, and KPPU supervises the market structure of platforms, all linked through a coordination forum established by Presidential Regulation and operating through graduated, proportionate enforcement. The model seeks to safeguard the quality of public information and to hold platforms accountable without sacrificing freedom of expression.