Electroactive metal ion (Co2+) doped MoO3/CNS nanocomposite for high efficiency supercapacitor application

The transition to sustainable energy systems requires the development of high-performance, durable energy storage technology. Engineering a hybrid electrode based on Cobalt-doped MoO 3 with carbon nanosphere ((Co@MoO 3 )/CNS) to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance through synergistic effect. Cobalt doping tailors the electronic structure of MoO 3 , increasing the density of redox-active sites and enhancing the rate of fast, reversible faradaic reactions. A carbon nanosphere (CNS) forms a highly conductive, interconnected network with a large surface area, accelerating electron transport and providing structural integrity during repeated cycles. Characterization using XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM confirms the formation of the hybrid (Co@MoO 3 )/CNS composite. This composite delivers a high specific capacitance of 1357.97 F g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 10 mV/s. Dunn's analysis reveals a 69% diffusion-controlled contribution and a 31% capacitance-controlled contribution, suggesting the hybrid nature of the supercapacitor. These hybrid electrode materials exhibit an energy density of 169.75 Wh/kg, cycle stability with 87% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles, and coulombic efficiency of 98.24%. These results demonstrate that the synergistic integration of Co-doped MoO 3 with CNS offers a promising electrode material for next-generation, long-life energy storage devices.