Water Consumption and Hydration Status in Children Living in Hot Climate Conditions

Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis, thermoregulation, and cognitive performance in children. Children are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to physiological characteristics and behavioral factors, especially in hot climate conditions. This review aims to summarize current evidence regarding water consumption patterns, hydration status, and health outcomes associated with inadequate hydration in children living in hot climate environments. This study was conducted as a narrative review. A structured literature search was performed using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies evaluating hydration status, water intake, and related health outcomes in pediatric populations were included, and the findings were qualitatively synthesized. Available evidence indicates that a substantial proportion of children do not meet recommended daily water intake levels and frequently experience mild underhydration. Water consumption is often replaced by sugar-sweetened beverages, and environmental factors such as school settings and limited access to drinking water may further contribute to inadequate intake. Heat exposure significantly increases fluid loss and the risk of dehydration, which may lead to adverse health outcomes including electrolyte imbalance, renal stress, and heat-related illnesses. Hydration status is commonly assessed using biomarkers such as urine osmolality and urine specific gravity. Inadequate hydration is a widespread issue among children and is further exacerbated by hot climate conditions. Promoting adequate water intake, improving access to safe drinking water, and implementing public health strategies are essential to reduce dehydration risk and support child health.