Innovation Is by Humans for Humans. Commentary on ‘Artificial Intelligence, Entrepreneurial Discovery, and Embodied Tacit Knowledge’ by Ismail Kurun

Kurun (2026) provides a new argument against the possibility of replicating entrepreneurship with AI. The reference is to the socialist calculation debate, where it is contended that AI technology may enable us one day to plan the economy centrally through data analysis and predictive techniques. The paper itself argues that entrepreneurial discovery and, subsequently, innovation and economic evolution cannot be recreated outside of the market, no matter our technological infrastructure, because AI systems are forms of disembodied cognition. Entrepreneurship needs an embodied, situated, and affective perspective. I briefly present the paper’s context and main argument. I wish to apply the paper’s consideration further to show how the creativity of human entrepreneurs cannot be recreated neither by dedicated generative AI models nor by cooperative entrepreneurship. Finally, I highlight the alternative approach to the same conclusion, namely, the ontological strategy, in the different angle and advantages it brings in.