Key result
Catheter geometry and signal-processing techniques critically determine mapping resolution in AF and VT.
Why the study?
Although electroanatomical mapping has transformed cardiac arrhythmia management, the dependence of mapping on electrode configuration, sensing modality, catheter geometry, and signal-processing characteristics is often underappreciated.
This review critically evaluates how electrode configuration, catheter geometry, sensing modalities, and signal-processing techniques impact cardiac electroanatomic mapping resolution for complex arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Clinicians must consider electrode and sensing choices in AF/VT mapping; leaves open validation of adaptive geometries and AI reconstruction.
The management of cardiac arrhythmias has been transformed by electroanatomical mapping, yet it is often underappreciated how dependent mapping is to electrode configuration, sensing modality, catheter geometry, and signal-processing characteristics. This review systematically evaluates how these features influence mapping, in the context of catheters in contemporary linear, circular, grid, star-shaped and basket configurations. We compare direct sensing strategies in unipolar and bipolar configurations, monophasic action potentials, and discuss post-processing approaches including omnipolar, multipolar, and Laplacian techniques. We gather evidence from computational, experimental and clinical studies to critically discuss how these considerations may influence signal acquisition and mapping resolution in the context of clinical mapping needs and, in particular, which may be most relevant for the complex arrhythmias of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). We conclude by pointing out future directions such as ultra-high-resolution mapping, adaptive catheter geometries, computational reconstruction, and AI-guided signal interpretation.
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Castells et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiac arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia). Cardiac electroanatomic mapping (varying electrode configurations, catheter geometries, sensing modalities, and signal-processing techniques) was evaluated. Electrode configuration, catheter geometry, sensing modality, and signal-processing techniques critically influence signal acquisition and mapping resolution in AF and VT.
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