Development of a Set of Practical Experiments for Teaching Materials With Magnetic Properties (Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic, and Ferromagnetic Materials)

This article addresses the development of a set of practical experiments for teaching materials with magnetic properties in physics education, particularly paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances. The theoretical foundations of magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, the orbital and spin magnetic moments of electrons, domain structure in ferromagnetic materials, and the behavior of substances in a nonuniform magnetic field are discussed. A series of experiments is proposed to enable visual and experimental observation of the different responses of paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials to an external magnetic field. Organizing experiments according to the sequence “problem – hypothesis – observation – measurement – analysis – conclusion” is shown to foster students’ ability to analyze physical phenomena independently, classify materials by their magnetic properties, and draw scientific conclusions from experimental results. The proposed set of practical experiments can be used in teaching magnetic phenomena in general secondary schools, academic lyceums, and higher education institutions.