Creatine-based multi-ingredient supplementation improves recovery and alters anabolic–catabolic responses without augmenting short-term strength gains in male resistance-training novices: A randomized controlled trial

Creatine-based multi-ingredient supplementation may support early resistance-training adaptations; however, its effects on performance outcomes, anabolic–catabolic status, and subjective recovery in resistance-training novices remain unclear. This study examined its effects on physiological, performance, and recovery outcomes when combined with standardized resistance training in male resistance-training novices. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, 46 male resistance-training novices were allocated to the creatine-based multi-ingredient supplementation group (CR) or placebo group (PL). Forty participants completed the 4-week intervention and were included in the final analysis. Both groups performed the same standardized resistance-training program. Outcomes included body composition, exercise performance, biochemical markers, kidney-function parameters, and fatigue and recovery scores. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and exploratory correlation analyses were performed to assess intervention effects and associations among changes in outcomes. Leg press 1RM improved over time in both groups, with no additional benefit from CR supplementation. Compared with PL, CR showed greater increases in muscle mass and thigh circumference, a more favorable T/C change pattern, stable CK responses, and improved subjective recovery. Kidney-function parameters remained within the normal physiological range in all participants throughout the intervention. Exploratory correlation analyses showed that changes in the T/C ratio were positively associated with changes in subjective recovery scores and leg press 1RM. Four weeks of creatine-based multi-ingredient supplementation combined with standardized resistance training may support early training adaptation in male resistance-training novices by improving recovery-related and anabolic–catabolic responses, but does not provide additional benefits for short-term strength or muscular endurance. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500114236); prospectively registered on 9 December 2025.