Therapeutic potential analysis of Sertoli cell-derived exosomes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a core pathological process underlying further neurological deterioration after reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Developing more effective neuroprotective agents is therefore a current priority in neuroscience research. Sertoli cells possess unique immunoprivileged and nutritional support functions within the testes and secrete exosomes that serve as important mediators of intercellular communication, with substantial potential for neuroprotection. This review addresses the protective mechanisms of Sertoli cell-derived exosomes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Through a comprehensive literature review, we systematically summarize their neuroprotective effects, including the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, inhibition of cellular apoptosis, promotion of neurovascular repair, regulation of autophagy, and influence on epigenetic modifications and related signaling pathways. By synthesizing the latest findings in this field, we aim to provide insights into the development and translation of novel neuroprotective strategies based on Sertoli cell-derived exosomes.