Challenges of digital transformation encountered by Upper Egypt’s public libraries and their impact on the delivery of associated services

This study aims to identify the challenges associated with digital transformation in public libraries in Upper Egypt and assess their impact on the delivery of digital services. Using a qualitative approach, the study involved in-depth interviews and focus group discussions conducted across 31 public libraries, engaging 63 participants (library staff) during June and July 2025. While most participants view the digital transformation of library operations and services as essential and desirable, they consider the current approach inadequate, noting that it has failed to produce tangible results for both staff and patrons. Although library staff recognise the significance of digital transformation and its potential to improve service delivery, they lack control over the process. As a result, they must rely on individual initiatives to meet user needs, whether through traditional services or by creating social media pages that operate without government oversight or supervision. The insufficient digital transformation has considerably affected the technical operations and services of public libraries in Upper Egypt, with experts describing the transformation efforts in these libraries as “weak.” Most strategies were largely individual endeavours rather than part of a structured, organised approach. Key factors hindering digital transformation in these libraries include a lack of government will, interest, vision, and appropriate planning, along with fragile technological infrastructure and software and a shortage of digitally qualified library personnel.