Household transportation mode choice in the context of emission reduction goals

The obligation to reduce the GHG emissions encourages seeking pathways involving contribution from Turkish household choice of transportation mode. Private and public transport expenditures and household characteristics are correlated using a multivariate sample selection model and the 2019 National Household Budget Survey data from Türkiye to identify factors relevant to household transportation choices lowering emissions. The distinct differences in the probability of choosing and spending on public and private transportation indicate groups targeted for possible change in transportation choice. The strong relationship between income and the choice of transportation mode and expenditures was confirmed. Short-, medium-, and long-term implications for transportation choices are offered, including incentives for households to purchase hybrid or EV vehicles. Additionally, factors characterizing lifestyle and type of employment provide insights about the groups potentially receptive to the increased use of public transportation. Low-income households and recipients of public assistance as well as those working in agriculture will benefit from guidance and assistance in choosing less-polluting transportation. To sustain lesser car fuel consumption, public education efforts and interventions need recognizing different socio-demographic profiles of Turkish families, while the technical infrastructure improvement and replacement of urban public transportation fleet are necessary to reduce pollution in the longer term.