Environmental distribution of African swine fever virus DNA in pig farm wastewater and Amblyomma javanense ticks in Vietnam

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a major threat to pig production, yet its environmental distribution in Southeast Asian farming systems poorly understood. We investigated ASFV DNA in pig farm wastewater and Amblyomma javanense ticks collected from rescued Sunda pangolins in Vietnam. A polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based concentration protocol followed by p72 -targeting real-time PCR (rPCR) improved analytical detection of ASFV DNA in spiked wastewater compared with direct DNA extraction. In field samples, ASFV DNA was detected more frequently after PEG concentration, and additional detections were supported by an independent p54 -targeting rPCR. Infectious virus was not recovered from rPCR-positive wastewater. ASFV DNA was also detected in a small proportion of the examined ticks, with independent-target testing providing additional molecular support in available material. These findings broaden information on the environmental distribution of ASFV DNA and support further evaluation of wastewater and wildlife-associated ticks as complementary molecular surveillance matrices, without demonstrating environmental transmission or tick vector competence.