Air temperature and soil moisture monitoring are important aspects of shallot cultivation because they affect plant growth and provide a basis for determining watering needs. However, field monitoring is still carried out manually, so information on field conditions cannot be obtained quickly or documented properly. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based air temperature and soil moisture monitoring system for shallot plants in Enrekang Regency, integrated with Google Sheets and a web-based monitoring dashboard. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with Prototype development model. The system uses ESP32, a DHT11 sensor to measure air temperature, a Soil Moisture sensor to measure soil moisture, Google Apps Script for data transmission, Google Sheets as historical data storage, and a monitoring dashboard as the interface. The test results show that the DHT11 sensor has an average error of 1.14% with an average measurement difference of 0.29°C. The Soil Moisture sensor produced soil moisture categories consistent with the comparison instrument in each scenario. The system transmitted data to Google Sheets through Google Apps Script at 15-minute intervals without data loss. Stored data can be displayed through the dashboard, including air temperature, soil moisture, water requirement status, update time, and data logs. The water requirement determination algorithm also operated according to the threshold. The system provides field condition information in a more structured form that is easy for users to monitor. Thus, the developed system achieved the objectives and can be used to monitor shallot field conditions.
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Shadira et al. (2026) studied this question.
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