Research on the Construction of a Blast Resilience Evaluation Index System and Quantitative Assessment Model for Metro Systems

As the backbone of urban transportation, metro systems constitute critical lifeline infrastructure characterized by substantial investment, long operational lifespans, and high passenger flow density. Interchange stations, where crowds are most concentrated, are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic consequences of blast incidents, including severe casualties and enormous economic losses. Building on the key features of resilience across its development stages—absorption, resistance, recovery, and learning—this study develops an evaluation index system for the blast resilience of urban metro systems, covering three interrelated dimensions: physical, social, and informational. To assess the resilience level, a cloud–matter element model is developed by integrating the cloud model with matter-element analysis. An empirical case study is conducted at a metro station in Xi’an, China. The results indicate that the blast resilience of the case station is classified as Level III (moderate resilience), which is consistent with its operational records. The findings provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for enhancing the blast resilience of metro systems, safeguarding urban public safety, and strengthening urban disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.