Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial disease is a severe complication of NEMO (IKBKG) and IκBα (NFKBIA) defects. It may present in adulthood, and diagnosis was often delayed. Despite intensive multidrug therapy and adjunctive IFN-γ, treatment responses were frequently inadequate. Hematopoietic cell transplantation may offer immune reconstitution but carries risks.
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Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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