Impact of wall conductivity and induced magnetic field on viscoelastic hybrid nanofluid flow within an inclined channel

The enhanced thermal efficiency of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids makes them suitable for advanced thermal applications, including cooling technologies, energy storage devices, and industrial and biomedical systems. This study explores the heat-transfer properties of oscillatory hydromagnetic flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid (TiO 2 −CuO−EO), within two arbitrarily electrically conducting inclined walls embedded in a Darcy–Brinkman porous medium. The flow within the channel is induced due to an oscillatory pressure gradient acting downwards along the channel; oscillations of the left wall and buoyancy force arise due to temperature differences in the field of gravity. The governing equations describing the flow problem are developed using fundamental physical principles and thermophysical characteristics of the hybrid nanofluid. The flow-governing equations are solved analytically using the method of separation of variables, and closed-form solutions for the velocity field, induced magnetic field, and temperature field are derived. Some quantities of physical interest, such as the skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transport, are derived from the velocity and temperature fields. The graphical results are computed from the analytical solutions with the aid of MATHEMATICA tools. Our study indicates that viscoelasticity tends to decelerate the main flow and accelerate the secondary flow because increased viscoelasticity generates drag along the main flow. Enhancement in the induced magnetic field caused by wall conductivities leads to a reduction in flow rate due to electromagnetic drag.