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Prototype head-loss measurements on tunnels and other water conduits are reported. The measurements were done on water-power conduits of the Hydro-Electric Commission of Tasmania, Australia. Friction factors are given for an unlined tunnel, a mechanically bored partly lined tunnel, and a fully lined tunnel. Steel and woodstave friction factors are included together with factors for a concrete-lined trapezoidal canal. The effect of slime growth on head losses is discussed.
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T. Maxwell Brett (1980) studied this question.
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