Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Patterns and Sedentary Lifestyle Associated with Hypertension among Adults Aged 35−54 Years

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Frequent ultra-processed food consumption was significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension compared to rare consumption (72.7% vs 44.4%; OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.45-7.69, p=0.008).

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Hypertension (n=100). Intervention: Frequent ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption (≥mean score of 57) vs. Rare UPF consumption (<mean score of 57). Primary outcome: Hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg) (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.45-7.69, p=0.008).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Frequent ultra-processed food consumption is significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension in adults aged 35 to 54 years (OR 3.33, 95% CI: 1.45–7.69). Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Auraning Mustika Hima Wardhani; Lirista Dyah Ayu Oktafiani

doi:10.20961/agrihealth.v7i2.121735

October 1, 2026AgriHealth Journal of Agri-food Nutrition and Public HealthOpen Access

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Patterns and Sedentary Lifestyle Associated with Hypertension among Adults Aged 35−54 Years

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Key result

Frequent ultra-processed food consumption linked to ~3.3-fold higher odds of hypertension.

OR 3.33
95% CI 1.45-7.69
P=0.008
n=100

Why the study?

Hypertension is a major public health concern among adults, and lifestyle factors such as ultra-processed food consumption and sedentary behavior may contribute to elevated blood pressure.

Are ultra-processed food consumption patterns and a sedentary lifestyle associated with hypertension in adults aged 35 to 54 years?

Key Points

To analyze the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension among adults aged 35 to 54 years.
An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adults selected via purposive sampling in the working area of Sumbersari Primary Health Center, Jember Regency.
Dietary intake over the preceding 3 months was assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), while past-week physical inactivity was evaluated using the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ).
Blood pressure was measured twice with a digital sphygmomanometer at 5-minute intervals, defining hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg, followed by Chi-square analysis.
Frequent UPF consumption was significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension (p = 0.008; OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.45–7.69; 40% of the sample had both frequent intake and hypertension).
The amount of UPF consumed (p = 0.004) and high sedentary lifestyle duration (p = 0.018) also showed statistically significant associations with hypertension.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=100)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Are ultra-processed food consumption patterns and a sedentary lifestyle associated with hypertension in adults aged 35 to 54 years?

P

Population

100 adults aged 35-54 years (70% female, 60% with hypertension) attending primary health service posts in Jember Regency, Indonesia, excluding pregnant women.

E

Exposure

Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption patterns (frequency and amount in g/day over the past 3 months assessed via Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire) and sedentary lifestyle (hours per week over the past week assessed via Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire)

O

Outcome

Hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure >= 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >= 80 mmHg, measured twice using a digital sphygmomanometer at 5-minute intervalssurrogate

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 3.33 (95% CI 1.45–7.69)

Absolute Event Rate: 72.7% vs 44.4%

p-value: p=0.008

Limitations

Cross-sectional design prevents establishing temporal relationships or causal associations.
Purposive sampling limits the generalizability of the findings to other populations.
Recall bias from the 3-month Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ).
Unmeasured and uncontrolled confounding factors (e.g., BMI, occupational activity, total sodium/fat intake, stress, sleep quality, and smoking status).
Cross-sectional design does not allow temporal relationships or causal associations to be established.
Use of purposive sampling may limit the generalizability of the findings to other populations.
UPF consumption was assessed using a modified SQ-FFQ based on respondents' recall, which may have introduced recall bias.
Not all potential confounding factors were assessed or controlled for in the analysis (such as BMI, occupational activity, total sodium intake, fat intake, stress, sleep quality, and smoking status), which may have resulted in residual confounding.

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Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.

Implication

Both higher frequency and amount of ultra-processed food consumption, as well as increased sedentary behavior, are significantly associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged Indonesian adults.

Abstract

Hypertension is a major public health concern among adults, and lifestyle factors such as ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and sedentary behavior may contribute to elevated blood pressure. This study aimed to analyze the association between UPF consumption patterns and sedentary lifestyle with hypertension among adults aged 35 to 54 years in the working area of the Sumbersari Primary Health Center, Jember Regency. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 100 adults selected through purposive sampling. Data on UPF consumption over the past 3 months were collected using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), while sedentary behavior over the past week was assessed using the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ). Blood pressure was measured twice using a digital sphygmomanometer at 5-minute intervals. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 80 mmHg. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. UPF consumption frequency was significantly associated with hypertension (p = 0.008; OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.45–7.69). Significant associations were also observed for UPF consumption amount (p = 0.004) and sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.018). These findings indicate that UPF consumption patterns and sedentary lifestyle are relevant factors in hypertension prevention among adults aged 35 to 54 years. Promoting healthier food choices and reducing sedentary behavior may support hypertension prevention in this population.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Wardhani et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=100). Frequent ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption (≥mean score of 57) vs. Rare UPF consumption (<mean score of 57) was evaluated on Hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg) (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.45-7.69, p=0.008). Frequent ultra-processed food consumption was significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension compared to rare consumption (72.7% vs 44.4%; OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.45-7.69, p=0.008).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6adde7e6df72b09fd59bee71 https://doi.org/10.20961/agrihealth.v7i2.121735

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Patterns and Sedentary Lifestyle Associated with Hypertension among Adults Aged 35−54 Years

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Patterns and Sedentary Lifestyle Associated with Hypertension among Adults Aged 35−54 Years

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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