Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kejadian Hiperkolesterolemia Di Usia Muda: Studi Kasus-Kontrol

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Case-Control. Population: Hypercholesterolemia (n=72). Intervention: Frequent fast food consumption vs. Infrequent fast food consumption. Primary outcome: Hypercholesterolemia (total blood cholesterol >200 mg/dL) (OR 7.95, 95% CI 2.760-22.924, p=0.000).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Fast food consumption and poor sleep quality are significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia in young adult women, whereas physical activity shows no significant association. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Hesti Permata Sari; Apoina Kartini; Yudhy Dharmawan; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli; Nisa Fitri Azizah

doi:10.36457/gizindo.v48i2.1114

November 30, 2025Gizi IndonesiaOpen Access

Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kejadian Hiperkolesterolemia Di Usia Muda: Studi Kasus-Kontrol

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Why the study?

Hypercholesterolemia leads to early cardiovascular problems and has a high prevalence at a young age due to diet and lifestyle changes. This study aimed to determine the relationships among fast food consumption, physical activity, sleep quality, and hypercholesterolemia in young adults.

Are fast food consumption, physical activity, and sleep quality associated with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia in young adult female university students?

Study Design

Type

Case-Control (n=72)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Are fast food consumption, physical activity, and sleep quality associated with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia in young adult female university students?

P

Population

72 female university students aged 18-23 years in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia (36 cases with total cholesterol >200 mg/dL and 36 controls with <200 mg/dL, matched on residential status), free of lipid-lowering therapy and family history of hypercholesterolemia or heart disease.

E

Exposure

Lifestyle exposures assessed via questionnaires: frequent fast food consumption (Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ] score above the mean over the past month), physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form [IPAQ-SF] over the past 7 days), and poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] score >5).

C

Comparator

Infrequent fast food consumption (FFQ score below the mean), moderate/high physical activity levels, and good sleep quality (PSQI score ≤5) in matched controls with total blood cholesterol <200 mg/dL.

O

Outcome

Incidence of hypercholesterolemia, defined as total blood cholesterol levels >200 mg/dL measured via Point-of-Care Testing (POCT).surrogate

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 7.95 (95% CI 2.76–22.924)

Absolute Event Rate: 69.4% vs 22.2%

p-value: p=0.000

Limitations

Physical activity was measured using a self-report instrument (IPAQ-SF), introducing potential recall bias and less accurate activity estimates.
All participants were female university students, limiting generalizability to the broader young adult population.
Physical activity was measured using a self-report instrument (IPAQ-SF), which relies on respondent memory and may introduce recall bias and inaccurate estimation of physical activity levels.
All respondents were female university students, so the results may not be generalizable to a more diverse young adult population.
Sitting duration (sedentary behavior) was suspected as a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia, but the study did not analyze it further.

Implication

In young adult female university students, frequent fast food consumption and poor sleep quality were associated with roughly 7- to 8-fold higher odds of hypercholesterolemia, highlighting modifiable lifestyle targets for early cardiovascular risk prevention.

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a lipid metabolism abnormality that leads to early cardiovascular problems. The high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia at a young age is due to changes in diet and lifestyle. This study aims to determine the relationships among fast food consumption, physical activity, sleep quality, and hypercholesterolemia in young adults. A case-control study was conducted with 72 female participants aged 19–22, selected via purposive sampling and matched on residential status. Data collected included total cholesterol levels via Point-of-Care Testing (POCT), fast-food consumption via FFQ, physical activity levels via IPAQ, and sleep quality via PSQI. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. This study showed that fast food consumption (p=0.000; OR=7.95; CI=2,760–22,924) and sleep quality (p=0.002; OR=7.15; CI=2,096–24,446) were associated with the incidence of hypercholesterolemia in young adults. However, physical activity was not related to the incidence of hypercholesterolemia (p = 0,312). There was a relationship between fast food consumption and sleep quality, as well as the incidence of hypercholesterolemia, among young adults. Young adults should monitor their fast food intake and sleep quality to help prevent hypercholesterolemia. Keywords: hypercholesterolemia, young adults, fast food, physical activity, sleep quality ABSTRAK Hiperkolesterolemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid yang menyebabkan masalah kardiovaskular dini. Tingginya prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia pada usia muda disebabkan oleh perubahan pola makan dan gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi makanan cepat saji, aktivitas fisik, dan kualitas tidur dengan hiperkolesterolemia pada usia dewasa muda. Penelitian menggunakan metode case control dengan sampel 72 orang perempuan usia 19 - 22 tahun yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dengan status tempat tinggal yang sesuai. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa kadar kolesterol total menggunakan Point of Care Testing (POCT), konsumsi makanan cepat saji dengan FFQ, tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan IPAQ dan kualitas tidur dengan PSQI. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi makanan cepat saji (p=0,000; OR =7,95; CI=2,760-22,924) dan kualitas tidur (p=0,002; OR=7,15; CI=2,096-24,446) dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia pada usia dewasa muda. Namun aktivitas fisik tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia (p=0,312). Terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi makanan cepat saji dan kualitas tidur dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia pada dewasa muda. Dewasa muda harus memperhatikan konsumsi makanan cepat saji dan kualitas tidur untuk mencegah terjadinya hiperkolesterolemia. Kata kunci: hiperkolesterolemia, dewasa muda, siap saji, aktivitas fisik, kualitas tidur

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Sari et al. (2025) conducted a case-control in Hypercholesterolemia (n=72). Frequent fast food consumption vs. Infrequent fast food consumption was evaluated on Hypercholesterolemia (total blood cholesterol >200 mg/dL) (OR 7.95, 95% CI 2.760-22.924, p=0.000).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6adde7e6df72b09fd59bee7c https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v48i2.1114

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Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kejadian Hiperkolesterolemia Di Usia Muda: Studi Kasus-Kontrol

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Hubungan Konsumsi Fast Food, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kejadian Hiperkolesterolemia Di Usia Muda: Studi Kasus-Kontrol

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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