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In total, thirteen species of the genus Caryocolum Gregor & Povolný, 1954 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) have been recorded from the Altai mountains in Russia so far. All available faunistic data are summarized and presented in detail. DNA barcodes of the mtCOI (cytochrome c oxidase I) gene of the majority of recorded species were studied. Molecular data and morphology support the following two species, which are described here as new to science: Caryocolum procurvella sp. nov. and C. atrum sp. nov. Caryocolum tetrameris (Meyrick, 1926) is recorded as a new species for Russia. Caryocolum blandella (Douglas, 1852) and C. viscariella (Stainton, 1855) are removed from the fauna of the Altai Republic due to misidentifications.
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Šumpich et al. (2020) studied this question.
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