Assessing and ensuring accessibility of digital tools for underserved populations: A comprehensive examination of global digital equity barriers and solutions

Purpose This paper examines the complex challenges involved in assessing and ensuring the accessibility of digital tools for underserved populations worldwide. Methods Through a review of the literature, the study synthesizes emerging evidence on assessment frameworks and identifies key barriers faced by diverse populations, including low-income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, older adults, people with disabilities, rural residents, and those with limited digital literacy. Results Findings reveal that these underserved groups experience overlapping barriers related to infrastructure, affordability, accessible design, and culturally appropriate implementation. These barriers interact to create systemic exclusion, which may be exacerbated by digital transformation unless equity is intentionally prioritized. Conclusion To effectively bridge digital divides, it is crucial to implement inclusive design, enhance digital literacy, and adopt comprehensive equity strategies that prioritize community engagement. Without these measures, the risk of further entrenching inequalities in digital access and usability remains high.