This study investigated the effects of filler metal composition and δ-ferrite characteristics on the cryogenic behavior and corrosion resistance of 316L austenitic stainless steel (STS) welds produced by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) using 309L and 312 filler metals (FMs). Different δ-ferrite fractions and morphologies were observed in the weld metals (WMs), with the δ-ferrite fraction being lower in the ER309L WM than in the ER312 WM. Despite its higher δ-ferrite fraction, the ER312 WM exhibited better corrosion resistance than the ER309L WM, which was primarily attributed to its higher Cr content. The ER312 weld also exhibited higher tensile strength than the ER309L weld at both 300 and 123 K, which was associated with differences in the WM microstructure, δ-ferrite characteristics, and FM composition. All welds exhibited enhanced tensile strength at 123 K, primarily due to strain-induced martensitic transformation, while deformation twinning may also have contributed to the cryogenic deformation behavior. These findings demonstrate that the cryogenic mechanical and corrosion behaviors of 316L stainless steel welds are influenced by the combined effects of filler metal composition and δ-ferrite characteristics.
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Jeong et al. (2026) studied this question.
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