Linear cap-independent mRNA (LciRNA) is an emerging vaccine platform enabling cap-independent translation while retaining a linear RNA architecture. This review summarizes LciRNA design principles, including IRES-mediated initiation, stability engineering, and immune regulation, and compares LciRNA with major mRNA vaccine platforms. We discuss current preclinical progress, particularly in cancer vaccines, and analyze challenges in potency, manufacturability, application scope, and clinical translation.
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Chen et al. (2026) studied this question.
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