Artificial intelligence and digital transformation for sustainable supply chain performance

This study examines the nexus between digital technology adoption and Sustainable Supply Chain Management, focusing on their combined impact on sustainability performance. By bridging the domains of digital transformation and sustainability, the research advances a comprehensive conceptual framework that captures the effects of Industry 4.0 technologies, specifically the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, on sustainable supply chain outcomes. The proposed model posits that digital technology adoption enhances sustainability performance indirectly through improved supply chain transparency, with this relationship moderated by the presence of a skilled workforce. Grounded in a thorough review of contemporary literature, the study highlights the role of Industry 4.0 technologies in promoting eco-efficient production and logistics, the contribution of blockchain to strengthening transparency, and the optimization of resource utilization through AI. An empirical quantitative study based on survey data collected from 250 manufacturing firms provides evidence of the partial mediation effect of transparency and validates the moderating influence of human capital in reinforcing the relationship between digital transformation and sustainability. The findings offer novel theoretical insights into the mechanisms linking digital adoption to SSCM and yield practical implications for managers seeking to leverage Industry 4.0 technologies for sustainability objectives. The paper concludes by outlining directions for future research to further advance the digital–sustainability interface.