In the context of sustainable development and Industry 4.0, digital and data-driven technologies are reshaping the architecture of circular supply chains. This paper explores how advanced technologies such as IoT, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and digital twins support the implementation of circularity principles while enhancing overall supply chain performance. By integrating these technologies into supply chain operations, firms can achieve real-time visibility, optimize reverse logistics, enable closed-loop systems, and improve traceability across product lifecycles. Based on a structured literature review and an analysis of emerging digital practices, this study proposes a conceptual framework that links digital enablers with key performance indicators for circularity and sustainability. The framework provides insights into the role of digitalization in boosting resilience, transparency, and resource efficiency in circular supply chains. The results contribute to the growing body of research on data-driven supply chain transformation and offer practical guidelines for industrial stakeholders pursuing circular and sustainable models
Chrifi-Alaoui et al. (Thu,) studied this question.