Preservation of Vascular Architecture and Detection of Angiogenesis-Related Proteins in Perfusion-Decellularized Human Fascia Lata

Vascularization remains a major limitation in tissue engineering, particularly for large or complex grafts requiring rapid perfusion after implantation. Perfusion-based decellularization is a promising strategy to preserve native vascular architecture while removing cellular components. In this study, human ALT flaps (n = 5) were perfusion-decellularized via the main nutrient perforator artery. Flaps were treated intact to preserve the fascia lata vascular network prior to its careful harvest for subsequent analyses. Decellularization and selected matrix components were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assays, and angiogenic profiling. Complete cellular removal was achieved, with residual DNA below accepted thresholds and near-total HLA antigens signal depletion. Collagen architecture and basement membrane components were largely preserved, while glycosaminoglycan were reduced. Contrast-enhanced imaging demonstrated retention of macroscopic vascular architecture, although functional vascular properties were not assessed. Several matrix-associated angiogenic factors, including VEGF, PDGF-BB, and IGF-1, remained detectable after decellularization in an exploratory analysis. These findings demonstrate that perfusion decellularization can generate human fascia lata scaffolds combining effective cellular removal with retention of native vascular architecture and selected matrix-associated biochemical cues. Further studies are required to establish vascular functionality, angiogenic bioactivity, and recellularization potential.