Challenges faced by librarians in private universities in Malawi

Purpose University libraries serve as vital hubs for knowledge dissemination, research support, and academic excellence. However, librarians in private universities in Malawi face significant challenges that hinder their effectiveness in fulfilling these roles. Despite the mushrooming of private universities in recent years, little research has been conducted on the specific challenges faced by librarians working in these institutions. This study investigated these challenges, explored librarians' perceptions of their work environment, and identified possible solutions. Design/methodology/approach Guided by a pragmatic worldview, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilising in-depth interviews and structured questionnaires to collect data from 15 librarians drawn from 15 private universities in Malawi. Purposive sampling was used, and findings were analysed using thematic and descriptive analysis. Institutional Theory and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory framed the study, highlighting both structural and motivational aspects affecting librarianship. Findings The findings revealed that financial constraints, lack of institutional support, low salaries, and limited professional development opportunities were the primary challenges. Librarians perceived private universities as offering a more personalised and creativity-enhancing environment, yet such institutions often provided limited opportunities for career growth and professional support. Proposed solutions included increased funding and resource allocation, enhanced collaboration and networking, improved professional training, competitive salaries, stronger regulatory oversight of library standards by the National Council for Higher Education, and greater professional advocacy and support from the Malawi Library Association. Research limitations/implications Institutional Theory and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory provide a strong foundation for analysing librarians' challenges, but their focus may not capture the full spectrum of complexities within this specific context. Practical implications This pioneering study has the potential to significantly impact the professional landscape for private university-based librarians. By amplifying their voices and experiences, it can lead to tangible improvements in their working conditions and overall well-being. Furthermore, this investigation addresses a critical lacuna in the current body of knowledge. No prior research has delved into this specific area, creating a significant blind spot in our understanding of librarians' experiences within the private university sector. Social implications This study not only offers practical solutions but also contributes valuable new knowledge to the field of library science. Originality/value This manuscript is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under review by any other journal.