Helicobacter Pylori and ABO Blood Groups in Erosive Esophagitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Erosive esophagitis is a frequent endoscopic manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the roles of Helicobacter pylori infection and ABO blood group phenotypes in its development and severity remain controversial. Objective To evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with erosive esophagitis and to assess its association with H. pylori status and ABO/Rh blood group phenotypes. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 321 patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, H. pylori infection (histology), and ABO/Rh phenotypes were collected. Esophagitis severity was categorized by the Los Angeles criteria. Statistical analyses included bivariate tests and multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance. Results The prevalence of erosive esophagitis was 25.8% (83/321), predominantly mild-to-moderate (Grade A: 65.1%, Grade B: 26.5%). Patients with esophagitis had a higher median age (60.0 vs. 53.0 years; p = 0.091) and a significantly higher proportion of illiteracy (22.1% vs. 9.7%; p = 0.008). Neither ABO phenotypes nor Rh factor showed a significant association with esophagitis occurrence or severity. H. pylori infection demonstrated a non-significant inverse trend with esophagitis (adjusted PR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.42–1.21). Weekend alcohol consumption was independently associated with erosive esophagitis (PR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.11–5.89). Conclusions ABO phenotypes and Rh factor are not associated with erosive esophagitis. H. pylori infection showed a non-significant inverse trend, while weekend alcohol consumption was identified as an independent risk factor.