Key result
Systematic review maps multiscale blood flow coupling methods to optimize computational hemodynamics applications.
Why the study?
Personalised computational haemodynamics for clinical tasks such as surgical planning requires coupling low-dimensional and high-dimensional blood flow models, creating a need to systematise existing 0D, 1D, and 3D coupling approaches to identify optimal techniques for specific clinical and research tasks.
This review systematises multi-scale coupling methods (0D, 1D, and 3D) for computational haemodynamics to help select optimal techniques for cardiovascular simulation and surgical planning.
Enhances selection of coupling methods for reliable personalized surgical simulations; extends computational haemodynamics literature by classifying optimal 0D-1D-3D strategies.
Mathematical modelling of systemic haemodynamics plays a crucial role in contemporary biomedical research. Clinical tasks, such as surgical planning, require a personalised and patient-specific approach for a precise mathematical formulation of problems covering all significant physiological phenomena. Application of multi-scale models assumes development of methods to couple low-dimensional and high-dimensional models, which describe interaction between local and systemic processes. Thus, it is necessary to systematise existing approaches to couple 0D, 1D and 3D blood flow models to reveal optimal techniques corresponding to specific clinical and research tasks. The aim of the present work is to classify contemporary methods for coupling multi-scale models for computational haemodynamics applications. To achieve this aim, a systematic analysis of scientific publications was performed. The publications were selected from the electronic databases Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate and Scopus using the following keywords: 'coupling', '3d/0d', '1d/0d', '3d/1d', 'computational haemodynamics', 'numerical simulations', 'blood flow', 'mathematical model', 'FSI', 'CFD', 'boundary conditions', 'multiscale model', 'multidimensional model'. As a result of the analysis, the main coupling approaches were systematised and their key features, advantages and limitations were identified. The obtained results allow the most relevant coupling methods for the solution of various cardiovascular problems to be determined. This contributes to the optimisation of computational processes and enhances the reliability of predictive models in personalised medicine.
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Grebenikov et al. (2026) conducted a review in Cardiovascular conditions requiring computational haemodynamics simulation. Multi-scale 0D-1D, 0D-3D, and 1D-3D coupling methods was evaluated on Classification and systematisation of coupling approaches, features, advantages, and limitations. Multi-scale 0D, 1D, and 3D blood flow coupling methods were systematised across 5 databases to identify optimal techniques for computational haemodynamics.
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