The Origin and Intensity Difference of Three Major Compensatory Forces

Based on the core principle of light origin theory and light speed compensation, this paper interprets the underlying mechanism of three major compensatory forces including strong force, gravitational force and electromagnetic interaction. All three major compensatory forces are essentially equivalent compensatory effects of light speed and act through instant action at a distance without any messenger particles. Strong force, gravitational force and Coulomb force follow spherical symmetric distribution and their magnitude is inversely proportional to the square of distance. These three forces form compensatory effects based on mass or charge and share similar mechanical equation forms. Their coupling constants and action characteristics change only with particle spacing and binding state. Electromagnetic interaction differs from the other two forces and directly relates to electric charge. Electric charge originates from the enclosed space inside proton and electron. Gamma photons inside this enclosed space spin at light speed. The spin direction generates disturbance to external space. Counterclockwise spin produces positive charge and clockwise spin produces negative charge. Electromagnetic interaction includes Coulomb force and Lorentz force. The two are closely related yet show independent physical behaviors. The magnetic field corresponding to Lorentz force presents cylindrical symmetric distribution and its attenuation follows the rule of inverse proportionality to the first power of distance. Strong force takes effect only within atomic nucleus and maintains the stability of nuclear structure. Nucleons keep independent particle forms and form an equivalent integrated binding system. It requires extremely high energy threshold to break this binding state so the coupling constant of strong force reaches an extremely high order of magnitude. However this force has short range cutoff property and cannot accumulate and superpose over long distances. Coulomb force arises from spatial disturbance of stationary charge. Lorentz force is a vortex field effect induced by directional motion of charge. The two forces coexist and follow clear action rules. They dominate the formation of atoms and molecular bonds and build the microscopic skeleton of ordinary matter. Restricted by the mutual cancellation of positive and negative charges, electromagnetic interaction has an inherent upper limit and cannot accumulate infinitely on cosmic scale. Gravitational force has no spatial scale limit or cutoff effect. Material particles have no binding structure for gravitational interaction so its fundamental coupling constant is extremely small. It carries the unique property of continuous accumulation without cancellation across the whole universe and drives the evolution of galaxies, stars and neutron stars. Under extreme gravitational compression, temperature rises above two trillion degrees. All structural forms of material particles break down completely and turn into pure photon energy to form a photon soup furnace inside black holes. Photons eject outward and regenerate matter again to complete the infinite cycle of the universe. This paper compares the mechanical equations of strong force, gravitational force and Coulomb force, distinguishes the action rules of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, clarifies the spatial symmetry form and attenuation law of each force. It reveals the fundamental origin of intensity difference among the three compensatory forces through the magnitude gap of coupling constants. This paper analyzes the limitation of traditional physical cognition which treats fundamental interactions separately and builds a unified light speed compensation system correlated with different scales.