Long‐Run Relationships Between Green Finance, Artificial Intelligence, Women in Management, and Carbon Emissions: Evidence From Japan

This study investigates the relationship between the production of scientific knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence, the issuance of green bonds, the presence of women in senior and middle management in Japan, and carbon emissions. The model includes economic growth and trade openness as key macroeconomic factors that may influence environmental performance. The empirical analysis employs a Fourier theory‐based approach that considers possible soft structural changes. The results indicate that scientific publications in the field of artificial intelligence, the issuance of green bonds, and the presence of female leadership may have a negative correlation with carbon emissions. Conversely, economic growth and trade openness appear to be positively associated with CO 2 emissions. These results suggest that technological know‐how, sustainable financing, and inclusive governance can be considered complementary mechanisms for environmental sustainability. From a policy perspective, these results highlight the importance of actually applying the scientific capabilities of artificial intelligence, strengthening the green bond market, and supporting the effective presence of women in decision‐making processes. By addressing these elements within a common empirical framework, this study contributes to a more comprehensive assessment of the relationships between SDGs 5, 7, 9, and 13.