Mechanisms for developing management decisions and their financial and economic justification

The article discusses the theoretical and applied aspects of the development of management solutions in conditions of uncertainty. The analysis of classifications, stages and methods of decision–making is carried out, from heuristic to strictly formalized quantitative ones. Special attention is paid to financial and economic justification as a tool for objectifying choice. A single example of an investment solution demonstrates the use of simple and discounted payback periods, net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index, expert assessments and a probabilistic decision tree. It is shown how different methods can produce consistent or contradictory results; the necessity of an integral approach combining objective calculations, sensitivity analysis, scenario modeling and expert judgments is substantiated. A formalized multi-criteria selection algorithm is proposed, taking into account both financial and strategic factors. It is concluded that the quality of management decisions is determined not only by the choice of method, but also by organizational culture, staff competencies, and willingness to reflexively revise assumptions. The implementation of artificial intelligence and big data technologies to improve the accuracy of forecasts and adaptability of solutions are identified as promising areas.